French 363.01
Spring 2002
TR 2 p.m.
Bosler 222

Christophe Ippolito
Bosler 218, x1275
ippolitc@dickinson.edu
Office hours: MTR 11:30-12:30 and by appointment

Course code on your on-line blackboard:    FRNCH 363-01-SP02
 

REQUIRED TEXTS (Available at the College Bookstore)
Barthes, Roland. Mythologies. Paris: Seuil (Points), 1957. ISBN 2-02-000585-9.
Baudelaire, Charles. Le Spleen de Paris. La Fanfarlo. Paris: GF-Flammarion, 1987. ISBN 2-08-070478-8.
Baudrillard, Jean. Amérique. Paris: Grasset/Le Livre de Poche, 1986. ISBN 2-253-04557-8.
Houellebecq, Michel. Extension du domaine de la lutte. Paris: J’ai lu, 1994. ISBN 2-290-04576-4.
Reader (available at the College Library); includes more than 200 cultural documents (cf list in annex).
Recommended: A good bilingual dictionary (e.g. Robert & Collins).
A selected bibliography is available on our website, including material on reserve.

COURSE OBJECTIVES
The concept of leisure (loisir), first established as skolè or otium in Greece and Rome, will be studied in the capitalistic context of 19th and 20th-century French society and art.  What is the value and meaning of so-called free time, leisure or idleness? Beyond images of dandies, shoppers and others, examples will be drawn from youth culture, sexuality, urbanism, media and other social practices and habits such as the newly generalized 35-hour work week.  Materials will include journal articles, works of art, films and excerpts from Baudelaire, Barthes, Baudrillard, Houellebecq and others.  The hope is for you to develop a personal philosophy of leisure.  Prerequisite: 256 or permission of the instructor.

COURSE DESCRIPTION
Materials for this course will be drawn from excerpts of recent works, journal articles and visual documents (collected in a reader or on-line), popular songs, films, TV programs, and four texts, including a collection of prose poems, a novel, a travel narrative and a collection of short essays.  After defining the notion of leisure, we will study it in different contexts.  Class discussion and questions will take place in French. We may also meet in Bosler’s micro room at the regular class meeting schedule to go over Internet activities (in small groups) and materials to be reviewed (according to your needs), and help you in designing the final project. You will often need a partner to prepare the exercises.  Pick your partner!

Oral presentations (2): One based on cultural documents, the other on the required texts.  The Reader available at the library provides you with an extensive choice of cultural documents as well as documentation available for each class period.  They may be presented in groups.

Weekly Presentations of the Reader’s documents in class: 3 minutes max., provide copies for fellow students if necessary. Cultural analysis of the document. Importance for our subject. Present 1-2 problems.

Weekly Web Reports posted on the Blackboard forums for each class.  They shall include your brief comments (2 paragraphs) and questions (at least 4) on the readings assigned for the week, including cultural documents, films, documentaries, required texts and Internet research. They have to be posted on Sunday by 5 p.m. for the following Tuesday and Thursday classes. Use the Reader when appropriate.  This exploratory writing will prepare you for discussion and papers.

Papers are prepared in class. You will write two papers this semester (First: 8 pages, second: 10 pages—15+ for majors).  They will be typed, double spaced, with a margin of 1.25 inches on all sides.  The papers must be your own work.  Plagiarism (as defined in the Student Handbook) is banned.  Part of the assignment is to learn to proof-read your own work.  After your outline is completed, you will submit a first draft of the paper.  A week later, you will submit a revised and corrected final version, according to the correction key provided and the additional comments.  Both grades will be average to calculate the final grade for the composition.  Accents must be typed in, not written in pen or pencil.  Papers turned in late will receive a penalty of one letter grade per 24 hour period.

Final project.  To be prepared in groups of 3 or 4, the project will address a particular aspect of French and/or Francophone leisure to be determined by the students in each group. Each student will present a section of the group project (5 minutes max.).  Delivery, originality of the material presented, and sources will be subject to peers’ and instructor’s evaluation.  Particular attention will be paid to the coherence of the group project as a whole.  Practice and time yourself to 5 minutes.  Use any props which will make you talk more interesting and easy to follow for the audience: pictures, maps, charts, realia, etc.  Be attentive when taking notes; it is best to put the information into your own words as you are taking notes from your sources.  Prepare documentation of your sources to turn it, including Internet sites.  Do not read the report.  You  may have brief notes, but they must be on index cards.  Reading a report will result in a reduction of one letter grade on the project.

COURSE EVALUATION
[Beyond 3 absences or 4 late showings, your grade will diminish by 5%]
35% Midterm Paper (on the notion of leisure) & Term Paper (on leisure and postmodernity) based on...
20%  At least two Oral Presentations : one based on the cultural documents in the Reader or elsewhere, another on the required texts (or any combination of both).
20%  Weekly reports posted on the forums and short presentations in class of the Reader’s documents. Includes reports on reading assignments (Reader, text, articles), movies and TV documentaries, press reviews, research on the Internet and thorough preparation of discussions.
15% Final Project (groups of 3-4 students; posted on the forum): research, content, organization, delivery.
10% Active Participation in class. Work in groups on class activities.

COURSE POLICIES
1. Attendance: Attendance in class is mandatory.  It is also a very important part of the final grade, as classes can be considered as workshops.  Excused absences require written documentation, such as Dean or Doctor’s statement in case of illness (one exception: religious holidays).
2. Preparation: Students are expected to be well prepared for each class period before the actual classroom time so that the class time can be fully used for practice at a desired pace.  One to two hours of preparation are usually necessary for each class period.
3. The following schedule is subject to changes.  Any changes will be announced in class, ahead of time.  Should you be absent on a day a change is announced, it is your responsibility to remain apprized of all changes.
4. Departmental Policy: “It is the French and Italian Department policy that students in class in the Department are permitted to consult tutors, more experienced peers, the foreign assistants, and other faculty members on ungraded assignments only.  With their instructor’s permission, outside help is permitted if students wish to go over ungraded homework assignments, practice their pronunciation, engage in informal conversation, work on improving vocabulary or control of grammatical structures, do listening and reading comprehension activities, or hone their writing.  They may NOT seek outside help from any other person in the preparation of written or oral work (including early drafts thereof) submitted under their name for a grade.  If they have any questions about this policy or their interpretation of it in a given situation, they should consult with the course instructor.”
 
 

PROGRAMME

Je   24 jan. Introduction, presentations.

Ma 29 jan. The concept of leisure. Bring or post definitions/illustrations of this notion. The themes provided for each class period are selected for discussion. Each students has to submit arguments and examples, to be posted on the weekly forums or brought to class with copies for the other students when necessary.
Present documents in Reader, 1789-1799.
Me 30  jan. FILM (Dana 110, 7 p.m.) : Renoir, La Règle du jeu.
Je   31 jan. Modernity according to Baudelaire. Read “À Arsène Houssaye,” “Les Foules,” in Le Spleen de Paris. Report on the film.  Visit to the exhibition “19th-Century Life: A Closer Look” (The Trout Gallery, Dickinson College).

Ma 5 fév. Modernity : order and disorder.  Flânerie and deviant leisure.  Read “L’Etranger” (75), “Le Joueur Généreux” (138-141), in Le Spleen de Paris.
Present documents in Reader, 1799-1815.
Je   7 fév. Marx : Market and Alienation. Read “À une heure du matin” (89-90), “Le Vieux Saltimbanque” (99-101) in Le Spleen de Paris. Report on another poem of your choice.

Ma 12 fév. Capitalism and the introduction of consumer economy. Benjamin and the concept of mechanical reproduction.  Read “Le Joujou du pauvre” (112-113), “Les Yeux des Pauvres” (129-130), “Assommons les pauvres ! ” (180-182), “Morale du joujou” (189-196) in Le Spleen de Paris.
Present documents in Reader, 1815-1851.
Je   14 fév. Nietzsche and the tensions of modernity. Nostalgia. Read “L’Invitation au voyage” (109-111), “Enivrez-vous” (152), “Les Fenêtres” (155), “Le Port” (163), “Perte d’auréole” (173), “Any where out of the world” (178-179) in Le Spleen de Paris.

Ma 19 fév. MIDTERM PAPER (on the notion of leisure ; outline).  Functionalism and Taylorism.
Read “La nouvelle Citroën” (140-143), “Jouets” (55-57), in Barthes, Mythologies. Excerpts of the Lumière brothers’ movies.
Present documents in Reader, 1851-1871.
Je   21 fév. Max Kaplan, Dumazedier and conservative theory. Read “Le vin et le lait” (69-72), “Le mythe comme système sémiologique” (183-190) in Barthes, Mythologies.

Ma 26 fév. Veblen and the conspicuous consumption theory. Read “Le Guide bleu” (113-117),  “Continent perdu” (152-155), in Barthes, Mythologies.
Present documents in Reader, 1871-1900.
Me 27  fév. FILM (Dana 110, 7 p.m.) : René Clair, A nous la liberté.
Je   28  fév.     Elias and the theory of the civilizing process. Read “Nautilus et “Bateau ivre”  (75-77), “Romans et enfants” (53-55), in Barthes, Mythologies.  Report on the film.

Ma  5    mars MIDTERM PAPER (First draft). Mechanisms of regulation. Religion, nationalism, bureaucracy, escape, and other mechanisms.  Report on one short essay of your choice in Barthes, Mythologies. Present documents in Reader, 1900-1918. Photographs : J. Lartigue.
Je    7 mars De Certeau and everyday life. Lafargue and the right to laziness. Excerpts of Philippe Delerm, La première gorgée de bière et autres plaisirs minuscules (Paris: Gallimard, collection “L’Arpenteur”, 1997) and Paul Morand in Eloge du repos.

Ma 12 mars MIDTERM PAPER (Final version). The Carnivalesque.  Read “L’écrivain en vacances” (29-32), “Paris n’a pas été inondé” (57-60), “Au music-hall” (164-167), in Barthes, Mythologies.  Present documents in Reader, 1918-1939.
Me 27  fév. FILM (Carlisle Theater, 7 :30 p.m.) : Le Fabuleux Destin d’Amélie Poulain.
Je   14 mars Leisure, Nationalism, Corporations and the State. Read “Le Tour de France comme épopée” (103-113), in Barthes, Mythologies.
[16-24 mars: Spring Break].

Ma 26 mars What is postmodernity? Read “Vanishing Point” (5-16), in Baudrillard, Amérique. Present documents in Reader, 1939-1945.
Je   28 mars The leisure space. Read “New York” (17-28), in Baudrillard, Amérique.

Ma 2 avril Debord and the society of the spectacle. Staged authenticity. Read “L’Amérique sidérale” (29-72), in Baudrillard, Amérique.
Present documents in Reader, 1945-1958.
Je   4 avril The Culture industry. Read “L’utopie réalisée” (73-102), in Baudrillard, Amérique. Excerpts of FILMS : Godard, Week-end. Eustache, Mes petites amoureuses.

Ma 9 avril TERM PAPER (on leisure and postmodewrnity ; outline).  Leisure and feminist theory. Read “La fin de la puissance ? ” (103-114), in Baudrillard, Amérique.  Present documents in Reader, 1958-1968.  Excerpts of FILM : Renoir, Une partie de campagne.
Je   11 avril Return to the pre-1960 sociology of leisure. Read “Desert for ever” (115-123) in Baudrillard, Amérique. Excerpts of FILM : Tavernier, Un dimanche à la campagne.

Ma 16 avril Cyberspace, hyperreality, speed, neo-tribalism. Introduction to Houellebecq. Read Extension du domaine de la lutte, 5-16 (Incipit).
Present documents in Reader, 1968-1981.  Excerpts of FILMS : Marker, La Jetée, Le Joli Mai.
Je   18  avril For or against the non-existence of leisure. Read 17-49 (The Ministry of Agriculture), in Extension…
Option (Saturday) : Visit to 2 museums in Washington, D.C.

Ma  23 avril TERM PAPER (First draft). Politics of the body. Read 51-76 (An accident in the country), 77-96 (Meditations of a Convalescent), in Extension du domaine de la lutte. Present documents in Reader, 1981-1995.
Je    25 avril Aesthetics and ethics. Read 97-121 (Back to the cows) in Extension du domaine de la lutte.  Excerpts of FILMS : Beineix, Diva ; Malle, Milou en mai.

Ma  30 avril TERM PAPER (Final version). Leisure as resistance. Read 123-136 (Return to Paris) in Extension… Present documents in Reader, 1995-2002.
Je    2 mai Conclusion. Read 137-156 (Any where out of the world) in Extension…
 

Selected bibliography. Books on reserve are marked with the sign *:

The Reader (selection of 100+ cultural documents organized by historical periods from 1789 to the present, including many paintings, drawings, and other visual documents).  A knowledge of Marx’s and Weber’s theories of capitalism is helpful. Other references, including websites, are provided on the Blackboard 5 and in handouts.

Aristotle, Politics. See particularly  VII, 15 & VIII, 3.
Baudelaire, Charles. Oeuvres Complètes, éd. C. Pichois, Paris: Gallimard, Pléiade, 1975 & 1976 (2 vols.).
*Baudrillard, Jean. La société de consommation, ses mythes, ses structures. Paris : Gallimard, 1970.
*Benjamin, Walter.  The Arcades Project.  Cambridge : The Belknapp Press of Harvard UP, 1999.
*Cook, M. and Davie, G. Modern France. Society in transition. London and NY : Routledge, 1999.
*Corbett, James. Through French Windows. An Introduction to France in the Nineties. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.
Corbin, Alain. L’avènement des loisirs 1850-1960. Paris : Champs/Flammarion, 1995.
*Cross, Gary. A Social History of Leisure since 1600. State College, PA : Venture Publishing, 1990.
*Kaplan, Max. Leisure : Theory and Policy. New York : Wiley, 1975.
*Kidd, W. and Reynolds, S.  Contemporary French Cultural Studies. London : Arnold, 2000.
*Rioux, J.-P., Sirinelli, J.-F., eds. Histoire culturelle de la France. Paris: Seuil, 1998. Vols. 3 & 4.
*Rojek, Chris.  Decentring Leisure. Rethinking Leisure Theory. London : Sage, 1995.
*Ross, K. Fast Cars, Clean Bodies: Decolonization and the Reordering of French Culture. Cambridge: MIT, 1995.
*Zeldin, T. France 1848-1945. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.
 

Leisure and Civilization in Modern and Contemporary France : Dossier

Ce dossier comporte 13 chapitres correspondant aux périodes étudiées, de 1789 à nos jours. Quand il y a plusieurs références à un même ouvrage, seule la première mention dans l’ensemble du dossier donne des indications bibliographiques complètes.

1.15-9  “Fêtes de la Raison”, “Fête à l’Être supreme”, in L.-S. Mercier, Le Nouveau Paris (Paris: Mercure de France, 1994), 557-564.
1.23  Boilly, The Newspapers. In E. Kennedy, A Cultural History of the French Revolution, 318-9.
1.24  Hubert Robert, The Visit to the Museum of French Monuments. In E. Kennedy, A Cultural History of the French Revolution, 199.
1.26  Hubert Robert, Young Girls Dancing Around an Obelisk. In French Painting 1774-1830: The Age of Revolution (Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1975), 152.

2.3  Girodet, Chateaubriand méditant sur les ruines de Rome / “Rêverie” in D. Jullien, Atala. René (Paris: Nathan, 1990), 1 & 10.
2.7  Chateaubriand, René, in Atala, René, Les Aventures du dernier Abencérage (Paris: GF-Flammarion, 1984, ed. J.-C. Berchet), 180-1.
2.8  Senancour, Obermann (Paris: Gallimard, 1984), Lettre XIX, 124.
2.10  Le Passage des Panoramas, in M. Ragon, Histoire mondiale de l’architecture 1800-1910: Idéologies et pionniers (Tournai: Casterman, 1971), 141.
2.11  Ameublement et architecture, in Le Style Empire, collection “Marabout/Flash” (Verviers: Gérard & Cie, 1969), 31-2, 48-9, 88-9.
2.12-5  “De l’antiquo-manie dans les ameublements” et “L’antique et le nouveau”, in Louis-Sébastien Mercier, Le Nouveau Paris, 1196-1203.
2.16-7  Gastronomie et société bourgeoise, in A. Burguière et J. Revel, eds., Histoire de France, Héritages, vol. dir. par A. Burguière (Paris: Seuil, 1993/2000), 324-7.

3.1  Delacroix, La Liberté guidant le peuple, in French Painting 1774-1830: The Age of Revolution, 302.
3.8  Le Phalanstère de Fourier, in M. Ragon, Histoire mondiale de l’architecture 1800-1910, 54.
3.9-11  Delacroix, “Réalisme et idéalisme”, in Delacroix, Oeuvres littéraires I. Etudes esthétiques (Paris: Crès, 1923), 57-61.
3.12  Paradigmes classiques et romantiques, in G. Gusdorf, Fondements du savoir romantique I (Paris: Payot, 1982), 290-1.
3.13  Victor Hugo, Préface de Cromwell, in John R. Effinger ed., Victor Hugo, Préface de Cromwell and Hernani (Chicago: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1900), 84-5.
3.14  Baudelaire, “Qu’est-ce que le romantisme?”, in Salon de 1846, in Curiosités esthétiques. L’Art romantique, ed. H. Lemaître (Paris: Garnier, 1962), 102-3.
3.15  Daguerre, People visiting a Romanesque Ruin, 1826, in French Painting 1774-1830: The Age of Revolution, 289.
3.16  Objets romantiques, in L. Maigron, Le Romantisme et la mode d’après des documents inédits (Paris: Champion, 1911), hors-texte / B. Roubaud, caricature de Victor Hugo in Priscilla Parkhurst Clark, Literary France, The Making of a Culture (Berkeley: U. of California Press, 1987), 147.
3.18-9  Grandville, “Artiste romantique” et “Un élève romantique et un classique”, in Grandville. Dessins originaux (Nancy: Musée des Beaux-Arts, 1986), 62-3.
3.20  Grandville, “Dandyism and women’s emancipation carried to the point of near-transvestism,” in S. Appelbaum ed., Fantastic illustrations of Grandville (NY: Dover Publications, 1974).
3.21  Monnier, Gavarni : Flâneurs in Les Français peints par eux-mêmes, in Priscilla Parkhurst Ferguson, Paris as Revolution. Writing the 19th-Century City (Berkeley: U. of California Press, 1994), 86-7.

4.3  Grands Travaux de Paris: arasement de la colline de Chaillot, Le Paris de Haussmann: La spéculation (Zola, La Curée), Carte et liste des transformations de Paris sous le Second Empire, in Bouillon et alii, 1848-1914, 159.
4.4-5  L’Opéra de Charles Garnier, coupe longitudinale / Le Grand Escalier de l’Opéra, in J. Fulcher, Le Grand Opéra en France, hors-textes.
4.6  Ch. Giraud, Le salon de la princesse Mathilde / Guerard, Sur les grands boulevards, in Bouillon et alii, 1848-1914, 163.
4.7  Le Crystal Palace à Londres / Les Halles centrales de Paris, in Bouillon et alii, 1848-1914, 96.
4.8-10  Baudelaire, La Modernité, in Curiosités esthétiques, ed. H. Lemaître (Paris: Garnier, 1962), 466-9.
4.11  Manet, Olympia in Otto Friedrich, Olympia. Paris in the Age of Manet (NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992), 77.
4.12-4  Manet, Ebauches pour Olympia / Zola / détail de Zola, in Manet 1832-1883 (NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1983), 184, 281, 283.
4.15  Réalisme et naturalisme dans le roman (extraits des Goncourt et de Zola) / L’Assommoir (affiche de Steinlen) / Manet, Zola / Le roman populaire (extrait de G. Leroux), in Bouillon et alii, 1848-1914,105.

5.1  P. Vidal, La Vie à Montmartre, in Philipp D. Cate, ed., The Graphic Arts and French Society 1871-1914 (New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1988), h. t. (Fig. 10).
5.6  Hiérarchie sociale de la femme dans l’imagerie du XIXe siècle / Steinlen: Ouvrières parisiennes, in M. Bardèche, Histoire des femmes, II (Paris: Stock, 1968), h.t.
5.9  Huysmans, A Rebours (Paris: Gallimard, 1977, préface de M. Fumaroli), 102-3.
5.10  Jean Moréas, Le Manifeste du symbolisme, in Robert L. Delevoy, Symbolists and Symbolism (Geneva/NY: Skira/Rizzoli, 1982), 71.
5.11  “The Symbol in Art”, in A.-G. Lehman, The Symbolist Aesthetic in France 1885-1895 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1968), 306-7.
5.12  Extrait de Mallarmé, in T. Godfrey, Conceptual Art (London: Phaidon Press, 1998), 22-3.
5.13  Sur l’invention du cinématographe, in La Poste, 30 décembre 1895, in Le Cinéma français (Brochure. Paris: Ministère des Affaires étrangères, 1996), 16.
5.14  La Tour Eiffel comparée aux plus hauts monuments du monde (alors), in M. Ragon, Histoire mondiale de l’architecture 1800-1910, 186.
5.15  “La Parisienne” / sur la décadence et la fin de siècle, in E. Weber, France Fin de siècle (Cambridge, MA: Belknapp-Harvard UP, 1986), 8.
5.16  Van Gogh, Le champ de blés jaunes / extrait d’une lettre à son frère Théo, in Bouillon et alii, 1848-1914, 102.
5.17  Seurat, Le Cirque / Signac, sur le pointillisme in De Delacroix à l’impressionnisme / Gauguin, Le cheval blanc, in Bouillon et alii, 1848-1914, 100.
5.18-9  Toulouse-Lautrec, Jane Avril / sur Toulouse-Lautrec / Les Nabis / Rodin: The Gates of Hell, in E. Lucie-Smith, Visual Arts in the Twentieth Century (NY: Harry N. Abrams, 1997), 37, 41.
5.20  M. Denis sur Gauguin / Cézanne, extrait d’une lettre à Emile Bernard, in Bouillon et alii, 1848-1914, 101.
5.21  Odilon Redon, extrait de A soi-même / Deux oeuvres de Redon, in Robert L. Delevoy, Symbolists and Symbolism, 62.

6.1-3  1900: L’Exposition universelle in Le Petit Parisien, in NHFC 20, 142-7
6.4  Le Tour de France: deux photographies / Le Tour dans le territoire “blessé”, in Les Lieux de mémoire, 3810-1
6.9  Auguste Perret, Garage rue de Ponthieu, in M. Ragon, Histoire mondiale de l’architecture 1800-1910, 273.
6.10  A. Derain, L’Estaque / Les principes du fauvisme / Matisse, La Berge, in Bouillon et alii, 1848-1914, 111.
6.11  Apollinaire et le futurisme: le “manifeste-synthèse”, in Bouillon et alii, 1848-1914, 111 / Le Penseur au Panthéon?, in P. Nora, ed., Les Lieux de mémoire, 1881.
6.12  Sur le cubisme / Braque, Maisons à l’Estaque, in E. Lucie-Smith, Visual Arts in the Twentieth Century, 63.
6.13-4  Sur Dada et Duchamp / Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, Bottlerack, Why Not Sneeze?, in William S. Rubin, Dada, Surrealism and Their Heritage (NY: The Museum of Modern Art, 1968/1977), 12 & 16.
6.15  Matisse, Vénus accroupie (d’après le marbre du Louvre). In Copier Créer. De Turner à Picasso: 300 oeuvres inspirées par les maîtres du Louvre (Paris: Editions de la Réunion des Musées nationaux, 1993), 449.
6.16  Pevsner sur l’Art nouveau / Lavirotte, immeuble modern’style, av. Rapp, Paris, in M. Ragon, Histoire mondiale de l’architecture 1800-1910, 245.

7.1  1922: La Garçonne (extrait du best-seller de Victor Margueritte), in NHFC 20, 258-9.
7.2  1931: L’Exposition coloniale (extrait du Livre d’or...), in NHFC 20, 306-7.
7.7  Marcel Duchamp, Fountain / sur l’histoire de ce “readymade”, in Tony Godfrey, Conceptual Art (NY: Phaidon Press, 1998), 28.
7.8  Marcel Duchamp, La Mariée mise à nu par ses célibataires, même (Les chiffres et les lettres sont ajoutés sur le cliché), in A. Breton, Le Surréalisme et la peinture (Paris: Gallimard, 3eme ed., 1966 [1928]), 95.
7.9  Breton: Définition du mot “Surréalisme”, in P. van Tieghem, Les Grandes Doctrines littéraires en France de la Pléiade au Surréalisme (Paris: P.U.F., 1974), 294-5.
7.10  Breton, Poème-objet, in J.-L. Bédouin, André Breton (Paris: Seghers, 1950), collection “Poètes d’aujourd’hui”, 63.
7.11  Magritte, Extrait de Les Mots et les images (1929) in La Révolution Surréaliste vol. 5 no. 12.
7.12  Cartier-Bresson, Sunday, Bank of the Marne, 1938, in E. Lucie-Smith, Visual Arts in the Twentieth Century, 177.

8.11-3  Harold Rosenberg, “The Fall of Paris”, in C. Harrison and P. Wood, eds., Art in Theory 1900-1990 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), 540-5.
8.14-5  Artistes en exil à New York (photographie et commentaire), in William S. Rubin, Dada, Surrealism and Their Heritage, 158-9.

9.1  Préambule de la Constitution du 27 octobre 1946, in S. Rials, ed., Textes constitutionnels français (Paris: P.U.F., 1982), 84-5.
9.2-3  Sartre, L’existentialisme est un humanisme (Paris: Nagel, 1970), 22-5
9.4  Doisneau, Le regard oblique, in P. Hamon, L’Ironie littéraire. Essai sur les formes de l’écriture oblique (Paris: Hachette Supérieur, 1996), 6.
9.5  Genet, Les Bonnes (Paris: Gallimard, 1976), 26-7.
9.6-7  Dubuffet, “L’Art brut”, in Prospectus et tous écrits suivants, I, H. Damisch, ed. (Paris: Gallimard, 1967), 175-7.

10.10-1  B. Tilliette, “Des villes nommées désir”, in Un nouvel art de ville. 8 villes nouvelles en quête d’elles-mêmes (Paris: Autrement, 1985), 6-7.
10.12-5  Gilles Deleuze, “A quoi reconnaît-on le structuralisme?” (extrait), in F. Châtelet ed., La Philosophie au XXe siècle (Verviers: Marabout, 1979), 293-8.
10.16-21  Yves Klein, Les Nouveaux Réalistes, Arman, Spoerri, Debord, Situationist International (illustrations comprises), in T. Godfrey, Conceptual Art, 68-79.
10.22-23  Buren, Mosset, Parmentier, Toroni en 1967 (illustrations comprises), in T. Godfrey, Conceptual Art, 174-177.
10.24-31  J.-L. Godard, Introduction à une véritable histoire du cinéma I (Paris: Editions Albatros, 1980), 85-101 (notamment sur Le Mépris).

11.1  Mai 68, côté gaulliste / Mai 68, côté gauchiste / 1968. La CGT face au gauchisme, in NHFC 20, 535-540.
11. 4-6  1969. La Nouvelle Société, in NHFC 20, 550-555.
11.16  Appel du MLA pour l’avortement libre et gratuit (1970), in Claire Laubier, ed., The Condition of Women in France 1945 to the present. A documentary anthology (London & NY: Routledge, 1990), 80.
11.17  “Itinéraire”, in H. Hamon et P. Rotman, Les Intellocrates. Expédition en haute intelligentsia (Paris, Editions Complexe, 1985), 14-5.
11.18  Annette Messager, My voluntary punishments, in T. Godfrey, Conceptual Art, 294-5.
11.19  Deux points de vue opposés sur l’architecture du Centre Pompidou (Rob Krier, Peter Smithson) in L’Architecture d’aujourd’hui No. 189, février 1977, 52-3.
11.20-23  “Centre Georges Pompidou, Twenty years of popular culture” / “The world village’s cultural center” / “IRCAM’s direct link with the world”, in Label France 25 September 1996, 34-37.
11. 24-25  Debord, The Society of the Spectacle (NY: Zone Books, 1994 [1967]), 12-3, 132-3.
11.26  Debord, Commentaires sur la société du spectacle (Paris: Editions Gérard Lebovici, 1988), 86-7.
11.27  G. Deleuze et F. Guattari, Capitalisme et Schizophrénie. L’Anti-Oedipe (Paris: Editions de Minuit, collection “Critique”, 1972/73), 458.

12.1   Une radiale de monuments, in P. Nora, ed., Les Lieux de mémoire, 4070-1.
12.2-8  Stanley Hoffmann, “Conclusion”, in G. Ross, S. Hoffmann, and S. Malzacher, eds., The Mitterrand Experiment. Continuity and Change in Modern France (NY: Oxford UP, 1987), 341-53.
12.16  The Structure of the Lang Ministry, 1983, in D.L. Looseley, The Politics of Fun (Oxford/NY: Berg Publishers, 1995), 74-5.
12.17  Extraits commentés du rapport du ministère Lang, in Marc Fumaroli, L’Etat culturel. Essai sur une religion moderne (Paris, Editions de Fallois, 1992), 190-1.
12.18   Quelques-uns des “Grands Travaux” (travail d’une étudiante)
12.19  Coût, date et architectes des “Grands Travaux”, in P. Poirrier, L’Etat et la culture en France au XXe siècle (Paris: Le Livre de poche, 2000), 180.
12.19-20  1989. L’écologisme (Guattari, Les Trois Ecologies), in NHFC 20, 683-4.
12.24  Extraits de Annie Ernaux, Une Femme / Marguerite Duras, L’Amant, in “French contemporary women’s writing”, in Claire Laubier, ed., The Condition of Women in France, 185.
12.25  J.-F Lyotard, “What is postmodernism?”, in C. Harrison and P. Wood, eds., Art in Theory 1900-1990 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), 1014-5.
12.26  Christian Boltanski, Les Bougies, in Magiciens de la Terre (Paris: éditions du Centre Pompidou, 1989), 100-101.

13.4   Le deuxième âge de la décentralisation (Le Monde 16 janvier 1997)
13.5   Sur la semaine de 35 heures (The Tocqueville Connection, May 1998)

N.B.
NHFC = Nouvelle Histoire de la France contemporaine (Editions du Seuil).
NHFC 20 réfère a La France du XXe siècle. Documents d’histoire présentés par O. Wieviorka et C. Prochasson (Paris: Seuil, 1994). (Nouvelle Histoire de la France contemporaine, vol. 20)